High-risk Pregnancy

Overview

A high-risk pregnancy is one in which the health of the mother, the baby, or both is at greater than normal risk for complications. This can be due to a variety of factors including pre-existing medical conditions such as hypertension or diabetes, issues that arise during pregnancy like pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes, or lifestyle factors such as age or substance use.

Proper management and close monitoring by high risk pregnancy specialist is essential to ensure the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.

Conditions That Can Cause High-risk Pregnancy

Hypertension

Chronic hypertension, or high blood pressure, can pose significant risks during pregnancy. It can impede blood flow to the placenta, restricting the baby’s supply of oxygen and essential nutrients. Hypertension can also lead to pre-eclampsia, characterised by high blood pressure and potential damage to other organs, most commonly the liver and kidneys.

Diabetes

Both pre-existing diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) and gestational diabetes, which develops during pregnancy, can elevate the risk of complications. Poorly managed diabetes can result in excessive birth weight, premature birth, and respiratory issues in the newborn. Rigorous blood sugar control is crucial to minimise risks.

Pre-eclampsia

This condition generally develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and involves a combination of high blood pressure and signs of organ damage, typically to the liver or kidneys. Left untreated, pre-eclampsia can lead to serious, even fatal, complications for both mother and baby, including eclampsia—a severe form of pre-eclampsia causing seizures.

Advanced Maternal Age

Women who become pregnant after the age of 35 are considered to be at a higher risk for complications. Higher maternal age can increase the likelihood of genetic abnormalities such as Down syndrome, miscarriage, and stillbirth. Additionally, older mothers are more prone to conditions like hypertension and diabetes, contributing to the risk profile.

Substance Use

The use of substances such as tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs during pregnancy can severely jeopardise both maternal and fetal health. Substance use can lead to premature birth, congenital disabilities, and developmental issues. Quitting or avoiding these substances is essential to mitigate their harmful effects.

Multiple Pregnancies

Carrying more than one baby—twins, triplets, or more—automatically places a pregnancy in the high-risk category. Multiple pregnancies increase the likelihood of preterm labour, low birth weight, and complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Frequent medical check-ups are imperative to monitor growth and development.

Chronic Health Conditions

Pregnant women with pre-existing chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and autoimmune disorders face a higher risk of complications during pregnancy. Managing these conditions before and throughout pregnancy is crucial to prevent adverse outcomes for both mother and baby. Close monitoring and proper treatment plans are necessary to maintain optimal health.

Infections

Certain infections such as rubella, chickenpox, and sexually transmitted diseases can pose serious threats to pregnant women and their unborn babies. These infections can increase the risk of miscarriage, birth defects, premature labour, or stillbirth. Vaccinations and safe sexual practices are vital preventative measures for expecting mothers.

What to Expect in High-Risk Pregnancy?

A high-risk pregnancy requires heightened vigilance and specialised care to ensure both mother and fetal well-being.

Expect more frequent prenatal visits, allowing doctor to closely monitor your health and the baby’s development. These appointments may include specialised screenings and diagnostic tests, such as ultrasounds, blood tests, and amniocentesis, to detect any potential complications early.

You might also be referred to a maternal-fetal medicine specialist, an expert in managing high-risk pregnancies. This specialist can offer tailored advice and a comprehensive care plan, encompassing dietary recommendations, exercise routines, and medication management. In some cases, bed rest or hospitalisation might be deemed necessary to mitigate risks.

By adhering to medical advice and taking proactive steps, you can better manage the complexities and enhance the chances of a healthy outcome for both you and your baby.

What to Do to Avoid in High-Risk Pregnancy?

Avoid Smoking and Alcohol

Smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to serious complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues for the baby. Expecting mothers should abstain from smoking and alcohol to minimise these risks.

Limit Caffeine Intake

High amounts of caffeine have been linked to a higher risk of miscarriage and low birth weight. It is advisable for pregnant women to limit their caffeine intake and opt for healthier beverage options.

Steer Clear of Harmful Medications

Certain medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, can pose risks to the developing foetus. Pregnant women should consult their obstetrician before taking any medication to ensure it is safe for use during pregnancy.

Avoid Exposure to Toxins

Exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides, heavy metals, and certain cleaning products can be harmful to both the mother and the baby. Pregnant women should minimise their exposure to such substances by avoiding areas where pesticides are used, using eco-friendly cleaning products, and steering clear of heavy metals.

Refrain from High-Risk Activities

Activities that pose a risk of trauma or physical injury, such as contact sports, heavy lifting, and amusement park rides, should be avoided during pregnancy. Engaging in low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga is recommended instead.

By implementing these preventative measures, pregnant women can significantly reduce the risks associated with high-risk pregnancies, contributing to a healthier outcome for both mother and baby.

Can High-Risk Pregnancy Be Successful?

Yes, a high-risk pregnancy can indeed be successful with the right medical care and lifestyle adjustments.

Advances in prenatal care have significantly improved the outcomes for both mothers and babies facing high-risk situations. Regular and early prenatal visits allow doctor to monitor the pregnancy closely, identify potential issues early on, and implement effective interventions.

Adherence to medical advice, proper nutrition, stress management, and the avoidance of harmful substances are critical components in managing a high-risk pregnancy.

With a comprehensive care plan and support from specialist, many women with high-risk pregnancies can go on to deliver healthy babies.

Contact Us

If you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out to our team. We are here to support you every step of the way during your pregnancy journey. You can contact us via the following methods:

• Phone: Call us at +91 – 75025 19999

Our dedicated team of experts is committed to providing you with the best possible care and guidance.

About Doctor

Dr. Supriya Puranik

Gynaecologist & IVF Specialist

Often known as the last glimmer of hope for people who have lost all hope for conceiving a child, Dr. Supriya Puranik is a leading gynaecologist, high-risk obstetrician and Head of IVF & Gynaecology department at Sahyadri Hospitals Momstory in Shivajinagar, Pune.

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