GBS, or Guillain-Barré Syndrome, is a condition that’s been creating waves recently, especially in Pune where over 100 cases have been reported. If you are pregnant and worried about GBS, you are not alone.

Many expecting mothers have questions such as, “Can GBS happen during pregnancy?” or “What should I do to protect myself?”

To keep things simple and reassuring—yes, GBS can occur during pregnancy, but there’s no need to panic.

This condition, although rare, is manageable when detected early. Let’s take a closer look at GBS, its causes, symptoms, and how you can effectively protect yourself and your baby.

GBS is a rare condition where your body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves, leading to weakness, numbness, or even paralysis in severe cases.

It’s not caused by a virus or bacteria directly, but it often follows an infection like the flu or stomach bug about 1-2 weeks later.

Why Does GBS Happen?

The exact cause of GBS isn’t fully understood, but it’s believed to be triggered by infections that confuse your immune system. These include:

• Respiratory infections (cold, cough, flu)
• Stomach infections like diarrhoea or vomiting caused by bacteria like Campylobacter

Once triggered, the immune system attacks the nerves, gradually leading to symptoms.

Can Pregnant Women Get GBS?

Yes, GBS can happen during pregnancy. However, it is incredibly rare. Having it during pregnancy doesn’t necessarily mean that your health or your baby’s health is at grave risk, especially if diagnosed and treated early.

GBS symptoms usually start in the legs and move upwards through the body. These include:

• Weakness in the legs – You may feel difficulty walking or a sensation of heaviness.

• Tingling or numbness – This may start in your feet and gradually spread upward.

• Difficulty in movements – Keeping balance or even standing can become tough.

• Loss of bladder or bowel control – If the infection spreads, it may affect your ability to manage urination or bowel movements.

• Respiratory issues – Severe cases may make it difficult to breathe, requiring ventilator support.

💡 Key point: Early detection is important. If you notice tingling or weakness after recovering from a flu or stomach infection, consult your doctor immediately.

Your doctor may recommend the following tests to confirm GBS:

1. Neurological Examination – To check for symptoms like weakness, reflex loss, or numbness.
   
2. Spinal Fluid Testing (Lumbar Puncture) – This identifies changes in spinal fluid that indicate GBS.
3. Nerve Conduction Studies – These tests measure nerve signals and detect abnormalities.

The good news? GBS is treatable, and most people recover completely within 6 weeks to 6 months with proper care. Treatments include the following:

1. IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin)

• An effective treatment that involves administering healthy antibodies through an IV.
• Safely used during pregnancy to stop the immune system from attacking the nerves.

2. Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis)

• A cleaning process for your blood where harmful antibodies are removed.

3. Supportive Care

• Rest and physiotherapy are significant parts of recovering from GBS.
• Respiratory support (ventilators) may be needed if breathing becomes difficult.

💡 Most Important: The sooner GBS is diagnosed and treated, the higher the chances of a full recovery.

Although you can’t fully prevent GBS, you can reduce its triggering factors. Follow these simple steps to protect yourself, especially during pregnancy:

Preventing Flu or Respiratory Infections

1. Wear a mask in crowded or public places.
2. Wash your hands regularly with soap or use sanitiser.
3. Avoid touching your face, especially your nose and mouth.

Preventing Stomach Infections

1. Drink boiled or filtered water only.
2. Avoid raw or contaminated food, including street food.
3. Keep your utensils and cooking surfaces clean.

Vaccinations

If you haven’t taken the flu vaccine, get it during pregnancy to reduce your risk of respiratory infections that could trigger GBS.

Observing Symptoms Post-Infection

Pay close attention to your health for 2-3 weeks after any flu or stomach infection. If you notice tingling, weakness, or numbness, consult a doctor immediately.

It’s natural to feel concerned when hearing about conditions like GBS, especially if you’re pregnant. However, it’s important to remember these three key points:

1. GBS is rare, even in pregnancy.
2. Early detection and treatment ensure a high recovery rate.
3. Simple preventive measures can drastically lower your risk.

If symptoms do appear, stay calm and act quickly to get medical assistance.

1.Can GBS harm my baby during pregnancy?

GBS affects the mother’s nerves but typically doesn’t directly harm the baby. However, complications like respiratory difficulties may require medical interventions.

2.How long does it take to recover from GBS?

Most people recover within 6 weeks to 6 months, depending on the severity of symptoms and timing of treatment.

3.Does GBS recur?

GBS rarely recurs. However, if you’re worried, staying in regular contact with your healthcare provider can ensure long-term monitoring.

4.Should I avoid certain foods during pregnancy to prevent GBS?

Not directly for GBS, but avoiding contaminated or undercooked food can help prevent stomach infections, which are potential triggers.

5.Can stress cause GBS?

Stress itself doesn’t cause GBS, but a weakened immune system can make you more susceptible to infections that could trigger it.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome during pregnancy sounds worrying, but the key is to protect yourself and act fast.

By avoiding infections, practising good hygiene, and staying vigilant about your symptoms, you can significantly lower your risk.

If you’re experiencing any signs of weakness or numbness, don’t delay—schedule a consultation with your doctor.

With early detection and proper care, you can focus on what matters most—your health and the health of your child.

📢 “Stay informed, stay safe. Speak to your doctor today for more guidance!”

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• About Author

  Dr. Supriya Puranik

  Gynaecologist & IVF Specialist

Dr. Supriya Puranik, a renowned gynaecologist and infertility expert, leads the IVF & Gynaecology department at Sahyadri Hospitals Momstory in Shivaji Nagar, Pune. She is committed to helping couples overcome infertility challenges.