Sperm motility refers to the movement and swimming capability of sperm, which is crucial for natural conception. Healthy sperm needs to travel through the female reproductive tract to fertilize the egg.

Low sperm motility, also known as asthenozoospermia, is a common cause of male infertility. This condition can significantly impact a couple’s ability to conceive. So, the question arises: Is low sperm motility treatable?

Low sperm motility, or asthenozoospermia, occurs when a man’s sperm has less than optimal movement. This can hinder the ability of sperm to reach and fertilize an egg. Healthy sperm motility is vital for fertilization as it enables sperm to navigate through the cervical mucus, the uterus, and into the fallopian tubes where fertilization occurs.

Sperm motility is classified into two types: progressive and non-progressive. Progressive motility refers to sperm that moves forward in a straight line or large circles, while non-progressive motility refers to sperm that moves but not in a forward direction. Both types play a role in overall fertility health.

Several factors can contribute to low sperm motility, including:

• Varicocele: Enlarged veins within the scrotum can lead to reduced sperm quality.

• Infections: Conditions such as genital tract infections or mumps can negatively affect sperm motility.

• Hormonal Imbalances: A deficiency in testosterone or other hormonal issues can impair sperm movement.

• Undescended Testicles: This congenital condition can contribute to lower sperm quality.

• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity are known to impact sperm motility adversely.

Treatment for low sperm motility depends on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause. Here are some approaches:

Lifestyle Modifications

Changes in lifestyle can significantly enhance sperm health, including:

• Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Obesity can impair sperm motility.
• Regular Exercise: Physical activity boosts overall health and can improve sperm quality.
• Limiting Alcohol and Smoking: Reducing or eliminating these habits can benefit sperm motility.
• Reducing Stress: Managing stress through relaxation techniques or professional help can positively affect fertility.
• Wearing Loose-fitting Underwear: This can help maintain an optimal temperature for sperm production.

Medical Treatments

For underlying causes of low sperm motility, various medical treatments may be recommended:

• Varicocele Repair Surgery: This procedure can improve sperm quality by addressing enlarged veins in the scrotum.
• Hormonal Therapy: Medications to balance hormone levels may enhance sperm motility.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

For severe cases of low sperm motility, ART offers viable options:

• Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): This process involves washing and concentrating sperm before placing it directly into the uterus, increasing the chances of fertilization.
• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Sperm and egg are combined outside the body to facilitate fertilization, followed by implantation of the embryo into the uterus.

Seeking evaluation from a fertility doctor is crucial for accurately diagnosing the causes of low sperm motility. A specialist can conduct tests to determine the underlying issues and recommend suitable treatments tailored to individual circumstances.

Conclusion

While low sperm motility can present challenges, it is often treatable or manageable with the right approach. Couples struggling with this issue should seek professional advice and explore the array of treatment options available.

For further information and support, resources are available on our fertility website. Remember, there is hope, and many couples have successfully navigated this journey to conceive.

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• About Author

  Dr. Supriya Puranik

  Gynaecologist & IVF Specialist

Often known as the last glimmer of hope for people who have lost all hope for conceiving a child, Dr. Supriya Puranik is a leading gynaecologist, high risk obstetrician and Head of IVF & Gynaecology department at Ankura Hospital for Women & Children.